13 research outputs found

    TimeWeaver: Opportunistic One Way Delay Measurement via NTP

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    One-way delay (OWD) between end hosts has important implications for Internet applications, protocols, and measurement-based analyses. We describe a new approach for identifying OWDs via passive measurement of Network Time Protocol (NTP) traffic. NTP traffic offers the opportunity to measure OWDs accurately and continuously from hosts throughout the Internet. Based on detailed examina- tion of NTP implementations and in-situ behavior, we develop an analysis tool that we call TimeWeaver, which enables assessment of precision and accuracy of OWD measurements from NTP. We apply TimeWeaver to a ~1TB corpus of NTP traffic collected from 19 servers located in the US and report on the characteristics of hosts and their associated OWDs, which we classify in a precision/accuracy hierarchy. To demonstrate the utility of these measurements, we apply iterative hard-threshold singular value decomposition to estimate OWDs between arbitrary hosts from the high- est tier in the hierarchy. We show that this approach results in highly accurate estimates of OWDs, with average error rates on the order of less than 2%. Finally, we outline a number of applications---in particular, IP geolocation, network operations and management---for hosts in lower tiers of the precision hierarchy that can benefit from TimeWeaver, offering directions for future work.Comment: 14 page

    In the IP of the Beholder: Strategies for Active IPv6 Topology Discovery

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    arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.11308Existing methods for active topology discovery within the IPv6 Internet largely mirror those of IPv4. In light of the large and sparsely populated address space, in conjunction with aggressive ICMPv6 rate limiting by routers, this work develops a different approach to Internet-wide IPv6 topology mapping. We adopt randomized probing techniques in order to distribute probing load, minimize the effects of rate lim- iting, and probe at higher rates. Second, we extensively an- alyze the efficiency and efficacy of various IPv6 hitlists and target generation methods when used for topology discovery, and synthesize new target lists based on our empirical re- sults to provide both breadth (coverage across networks) and depth (to find potential subnetting). Employing our probing strategy, we discover more than 1.3M IPv6 router interfaces from a single vantage point – an order of magnitude more than produced by current state-of-the-art mapping systems that use hundreds of vantages. Finally, we publicly share our prober implementation, synthesized target lists, and dis- covered IPv6 topology results

    Time’s forgotten: Using ntp to understand internet latency

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    ABSTRACT The performance of Internet services is intrinsically tied to propagation delays between end points (i.e., network latency). Standard active probe-based or passive host-based methods for measuring end-to-end latency are difficult to deploy at scale and typically offer limited precision and accuracy. In this paper, we investigate a novel but non-obvious source of latency measurement-logs from network time protocol (NTP) servers. Using NTP-derived data for studying latency is compelling due to NTP's pervasive use in the Internet and its inherent focus on accurate end-to-end delay estimation. We consider the efficacy of an NTP-based approach for studying propagation delays by analyzing logs collected from 10 NTP servers distributed across the United States. These logs include over 73M latency measurements to 7.4M worldwide clients (as indicated by unique IP addresses) collected over the period of one day. Our initial analysis of the general characteristics of propagation delays derived from the log data reveals that delay measurements from NTP must be carefully filtered in order to extract accurate results. We develop a filtering process that removes measurements that are likely to be inaccurate. After applying our filter to NTP measurements, we report on the scope and reach for USbased clients and the characteristics of the end-to-end latency for those clients

    Reaalipalkkojen suhdannevaihtelu ja sen osatekijÀt

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    TÀmÀn tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella reaalipalkkojen suhdannevaihtelua sekÀ aggregaattipalkkojen vaihtelussa esiintyvÀn työmarkkinarakenteen muutoksista syntyvÀn harhan lÀhteitÀ ja voimakkuutta. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan myös eroja eri sukupuolten sekÀ ammattiasemien palkkojen vaihtelussa. Reaalipalkkojen suhdannevaihtelun tutkimus on ollut miltei koko viime vuosisadan makrotaloustieteen nÀkökulmasta kiinnostavaa, sillÀ makrotaloustieteelliset mallit ovat joutuneet kehittymÀÀn selittÀmÀÀn vaihtelevia tutkimustuloksia. Vaikka kirjallisuudessa onkin jo pÀÀdytty reaalipalkkojen suhdanteiden mukaiseen vaihteluun sekÀ rakennemuutoksen tuoman harhan vaihtelun voimakkuutta heikentÀvÀÀn vaikutukseen, on tutkimusaihe kiinnostava. Suomalaisella aineistolla estimoituja tuloksia voidaan verrata aikaisempaan kirjallisuuteen, ja tarkastella eri maiden erilaisien työmarkkinoiden vaikutusta tuloksiin. Toisaalta reaalipalkkojen suhdannevaihtelun voimakkuuden vaihtelun ymmÀrtÀminen voi myös tukea esimerkiksi poliittista pÀÀtöksentekoa, sillÀ reaalipalkkojen joustavuudella on vaikutusta kilpailukyvyn vaihteluun suhdanteissa. Estimoitaessa regressiomalleja painotetulla pienimmÀn neliösumman menetelmÀllÀ Tilastokeskuksen hyvin kattavasta yksilötason aineistosta lasketulla aineistolla, huomataan, ettÀ reaalipalkkojen vaihtelu on suhdanteiden mukaista sekÀ koko talouden tasolla ettÀ teollisuudessa, muttei palvelualoilla. Vaikka rakennemuutoksesta syntyvÀssÀ harhassa havaitaankin olevan eroja eri ammattiasemien ja sukupuolien vÀlillÀ, ainoat tilastollisesti merkitsevÀt erot reaalipalkan suhdannevaihtelussa löydetÀÀn teollisuuden ulkopuolelta, jossa naisten palkat vaihtelevat heikommin suhdanteiden mukaisesti kuin miesten palkat. Reaalipalkan suhdannevaihtelun erojen tilastollinen merkitsevyys on kuitenkin heikkoa
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